This content is based on research conducted as a part of the CA POST Command College. It is a futures study of a particular emerging issue of relevance to law enforcement. Its purpose is not to predict the future; rather, to project a variety of possible scenarios useful for planning and action in anticipation of the emerging landscape facing policing organizations.
The article was created using the futures forecasting process of Command College and its outcomes. Managing the future means influencing it — creating, constraining and adapting to emerging trends and events in a way that optimizes the opportunities and minimizes the threats of relevance to the profession.
By Deputy Chief Nicholas McGowan
In an era where technology is evolving at an unprecedented pace, law enforcement organizations find themselves at a crossroads. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into policing presents both opportunities and challenges. While AI has the potential to enhance operational capabilities, it also brings significant risks, especially when adopted without appropriate safeguards and oversight. As communities demand greater transparency and accountability, and as cyber threats become more sophisticated, the need for a thoughtful, strategic approach to AI has never been more important.
The rapid deployment of these technologies, often without sufficient oversight, emphasizes the urgent need for law enforcement leaders to engage in critical discussions about their use. To effectively harness AI while safeguarding the rights of the public and ensuring ethical practices, police chiefs must address several essential questions.
This video presents five key questions law enforcement leaders can use to guide the responsible integration of AI into their operations.
- How can we ensure the responsible and ethical implementation of AI in our department?
- What measures should we take to mitigate the risk of bias in AI systems?
- What type of AI technology is most appropriate for law enforcement’s specific needs?
- How can we prepare our department for cybersecurity threats associated with AI?
- What training and oversight barriers should be put in place to ensure proper use of AI technologies?
These questions are designed to navigate the complexities of AI adoption, balancing the potential benefits with the risks it presents.
About the author
Nicholas McGowan serves as the deputy chief of police for the Petaluma Police Department in California. He has built a distinguished career in law enforcement, recognized for his leadership and dedication to community engagement. Beginning as a police officer, he advanced through key roles including a member of the San Francisco Electronic Crimes Task Force.
As a leader, he has overseen critical units such as the Gang Enforcement Team, SWAT, Traffic, Peer Support and Employee Wellness. DC McGowan played a pivotal role in developing the Professional Standards Division, which introduced Petaluma’s first Independent Police Auditor and Public Safety Advisory Committee, strengthening transparency and accountability.
DC McGowan holds a Bachelor’s in Political Science and a Master’s in Cybersecurity Studies, reflecting his commitment to evolving law enforcement practices in the digital age. He also teaches at Santa Rosa Junior College, shaping future public safety professionals, and co-chairs Petaluma’s Employee Wellness Committee while serving on the city’s DEIB Core Team.
His leadership continues to shape the Petaluma Police Department, driving innovation and fostering trust within the community.
